1. Whoever interested can apply for the exam today.

2. Keerthi did not know where to find a mechanic.

3. She wrote whatever she had missed out yesterday for the next class.

4. The old woman walked with difficulty.

5. The minister bragged about how his party gained majority in the elections last week.

6. I am responsible for whoever comes along with me to the dangerous ride.

7. Good thoughts are created when you think about it.

8. The actress smiled at whom ever she met at the function.

9. I don’t know what happened to her after the movie got over.

10. The teacher taught the lesson so fast that the students were not able to get it.

11. I wrote a small poem while I waited for my friend to come.

12. After the exam gets over, let’s go for a movie.

13. If you are not able to find the house, call him and ask the location again.

14. The man stood up from his seat so that the old woman could sit in it.

15. He won’t be allowed inside the class unless he completes writing his homework.

16. No sooner had the ball reached his bat, than he hit it high in the air to a sixer.

17. His sister is cleverer than him.

18. You must obey your parents even if they are being mean.

19. The teacher did not allow the boy to write the exam, since he was late.

20. Use the first-aid kit whenever there is a medical emergency.

21. The reason why she was dismissed was known to all in the college.

22. The moment when he met his mother was a precious one in his life.

23. The place where the final event has been scheduled is just two miles away from here

24. Choose the adjective clause with a relative adverb from the given sentences.

25. The date when her dad arrives is not known.

26. The reason why she did not come is unknown.

27. The day when I was born was the day my mother cried with joy.

28. The country where you can find kangaroos is Australia and it is near the south pole.

29. The time when the exam starts is not mentioned in the hall ticket.

30. The office where he works at was shut down a week ago due to bankruptcy.

31. I shall meet him in the evening.

32. Mina will be singing in the concert.

33. Chitra shall have taken the credit.

34. Pulkit will have been making greeting cards.

35. Hari will take care of the documentation.

36. I shall be caring.

37. Shreya shall have taken the responsibility.

38. Sheela will be studying for her test.

39. I will have mended the pipes.

40. Tina will have been reading a book.

41. Ravi shall suffer for his crimes.

42. The dog shall be playing.

43. She shall have played the piano.

44. Anjali shall have been working on her presentation.

45. The team is ______ by internal dissensions. (tear)

46. It is usual that the dogs bark at strangers.

47. I ________ my glasses when I fell down. (break)

48. 5. The past participle ‘sunk’ is derived from the base form ________

49. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of verb?

50. The Supreme court verdict ________ against her. (go)

Bring back the big cats
John Vesty says that the time for returning vanished native animals to Britain has arrived.
Around 598 AD, there is a poem that describes the hunting of a mystery animal called
llewyn. What is it? Nothing got fitted until 2006, an animal bone was found in the Kinsey
Cave in northern England, dating from around the same period. Until this discovery, the lynx
which is a large spotted cat with tassel led ears was assumed to have died in Britain at least
6000 years ago. It happens before the inhabitants of these islands do farming. But in 2006, in
Yorkshire and Scotland it is evident that the lynx and mysterious llewyn both are the same. If
so, the estimated extinction date of tassel-eared cats is 5000 years.
However, in British culture this is not the last glimpse of the animal. A 9th century stone
cross from the Isle of Eigg shows along the deer, pig, aurochs, a speckled cat with tasselled
ears is pursued by a mounted hunter. We are sure that the animal’s backside hasn’t been
damaged over time as the lynx’s stubby tail is unmistakable. It’s difficult to know about the
creature even without this feature. Now, lynx has become the totemic animal of a movement
that transforms British environmentalism – rewilding.
Rewilding is the huge restoration of damaged ecosystems. It involves replacing the trees to
areas that have been stripped, making seabed parts to recover from trawling and dredging and
making rivers to freely flow. These things are to bring back the missing species. In modern
ecology, one of the top findings is ecosystems without large predators which behave
differently than those that retain them. Some drive dynamic processes that resonate the
complete food chain and provide niches for hundreds of species that might struggle to
survive. The killers will turn as life bringers.
For British conservation, these findings give a great challenge, which is often selected as
arbitrary assemblages of plants and animals by putting huge effort and investment to prevent
them from changing. As the jar of pickles, it has preserved the living world by not letting
anything in and out and keeping nature in an arrested state. But ecosystems are not only
based on the collection of species, it also depends on the dynamic and changing relationship
between them. The dynamism often varies based on the large predators.
When it comes to sea, it is even greater, the larger areas of commercial fishing need to be
protected. 18th century literature describes that the vast shoals of fish are chased by fin and
sperm whales within sight of the English shore. This method will greatly increase catches in
the surrounding seas; the fishing industry’s insistence on clearing every seabed without
leaving any breeding reserves couldn’t be damaging to its own interests.
Rewilding is one of the rare examples of environmental movement where campaigners
communicate what they are for rather than what they are against. The reason for enthusiasm
for rewilding is spreading fastly in Britain, is to create a more inspiring vision than the green
movements’ promise of Follow us and the world will be less awful than it would be.
There will be no threat to human beings by the lynx: there is no instance of a lynx preying on
people. It is a specialist predator of roe deer that has exploded in Britain in recent decades
which holds back the intensive browsing and planning to re-establish forests. It will also
winkle out sika deer, an exotic species that is impossible for human beings to control as it
hides in impenetrable plantations of young trees. Reintroducing this predator comes with the
aim of bringing back the forests to the parts of our bare and barren uplands. The lynx needs
deep cover thus giving little risk to sheep and other livestock which need to be in a condition
of farm subsidies that are kept out of the woods.
Several conservationists suggested that the lynx can be reintroduced within 20 years in the
recent trip of the Cairngorm Mountains. If trees return to the bare hills anywhere in Britain,
the big cats will follow. If it is seen from the perspective of anywhere else in Europe, there
will be nothing extraordinary about the proposals. Now, the lynx has been reintroduced to the
Mountains, Alps in eastern France and mountains in Germany and re-established in many
places. Since 1970, the European population has tripled to nearly 10, 000. Like wolves, bears,
pigs, bison, moose and other species, the lynx will spread as farming, left the hills and then
people discover that it is much needed to protect wildlife than to hunt it as tourists will pay to
see it. Large scale rewilding will happen everywhere except Britain.
Here, there are many changes in attitudes. Conservationists started to accept the jar model is
failing even on its own terms. Projects like Trees for life in the Highlands give hints of what
is expected to come. There is an organisation set up that seeks to catalyse the rewilding of
land and sea across Britain, its aim is to reintroduce the rarest species to British ecosystems:
hope.
Bring back the big cats IELTS reading questions
Questions (1-5)
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
1. What did the discovery of animal bone say about the lynx?

2. What does the writer point out about the large predators?

3. What is suggested by the writer about British conservation?

4. Protecting the large are of sea from commercial fishing will end up in

5. What is the difference between rewilding from other campaigns according to the writer?

Questions (6-9)
Complete the summary below
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
The advantages of reintroducing the lynx to Britain are many. There is no such evidence that
lynx put ______________ 6 in danger which would reduce the population of ____________7
which increased rapidly in the recent decades. It gives only minimum threat to ___________
8, if it were kept away from the lynx habitats. Further, the reintroduction concept has been
linked with initiatives to return native ____________ 9 to certain places of the country.
Questions (10-14)
Do the following statements match the information with the passage?
Write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
10. Reintroducing the lynx is done by the Britain which is the first European country
11. The conservationists’ expectations have increased due to the huge population growth of
European lynx since 1970.
12. The habitat of lynx in Europe extended based on the changes in agricultural practices.
13. Reintroduction of species has commercial advantage
14. The jar of pickle models has come into acceptance by the conservationists.

Bring back the big cats
John Vesty says that the time for returning vanished native animals to Britain has arrived.
Around 598 AD, there is a poem that describes the hunting of a mystery animal called
llewyn. What is it? Nothing got fitted until 2006, an animal bone was found in the Kinsey
Cave in northern England, dating from around the same period. Until this discovery, the lynx
which is a large spotted cat with tassel led ears was assumed to have died in Britain at least
6000 years ago. It happens before the inhabitants of these islands do farming. But in 2006, in
Yorkshire and Scotland it is evident that the lynx and mysterious llewyn both are the same. If
so, the estimated extinction date of tassel-eared cats is 5000 years.
However, in British culture this is not the last glimpse of the animal. A 9th century stone
cross from the Isle of Eigg shows along the deer, pig, aurochs, a speckled cat with tasselled
ears is pursued by a mounted hunter. We are sure that the animal’s backside hasn’t been
damaged over time as the lynx’s stubby tail is unmistakable. It’s difficult to know about the
creature even without this feature. Now, lynx has become the totemic animal of a movement
that transforms British environmentalism – rewilding.
Rewilding is the huge restoration of damaged ecosystems. It involves replacing the trees to
areas that have been stripped, making seabed parts to recover from trawling and dredging and
making rivers to freely flow. These things are to bring back the missing species. In modern
ecology, one of the top findings is ecosystems without large predators which behave
differently than those that retain them. Some drive dynamic processes that resonate the
complete food chain and provide niches for hundreds of species that might struggle to
survive. The killers will turn as life bringers.
For British conservation, these findings give a great challenge, which is often selected as
arbitrary assemblages of plants and animals by putting huge effort and investment to prevent
them from changing. As the jar of pickles, it has preserved the living world by not letting
anything in and out and keeping nature in an arrested state. But ecosystems are not only
based on the collection of species, it also depends on the dynamic and changing relationship
between them. The dynamism often varies based on the large predators.
When it comes to sea, it is even greater, the larger areas of commercial fishing need to be
protected. 18th century literature describes that the vast shoals of fish are chased by fin and
sperm whales within sight of the English shore. This method will greatly increase catches in
the surrounding seas; the fishing industry’s insistence on clearing every seabed without
leaving any breeding reserves couldn’t be damaging to its own interests.
Rewilding is one of the rare examples of environmental movement where campaigners
communicate what they are for rather than what they are against. The reason for enthusiasm
for rewilding is spreading fastly in Britain, is to create a more inspiring vision than the green
movements’ promise of Follow us and the world will be less awful than it would be.
There will be no threat to human beings by the lynx: there is no instance of a lynx preying on
people. It is a specialist predator of roe deer that has exploded in Britain in recent decades
which holds back the intensive browsing and planning to re-establish forests. It will also
winkle out sika deer, an exotic species that is impossible for human beings to control as it
hides in impenetrable plantations of young trees. Reintroducing this predator comes with the
aim of bringing back the forests to the parts of our bare and barren uplands. The lynx needs
deep cover thus giving little risk to sheep and other livestock which need to be in a condition
of farm subsidies that are kept out of the woods.
Several conservationists suggested that the lynx can be reintroduced within 20 years in the
recent trip of the Cairngorm Mountains. If trees return to the bare hills anywhere in Britain,
the big cats will follow. If it is seen from the perspective of anywhere else in Europe, there
will be nothing extraordinary about the proposals. Now, the lynx has been reintroduced to the
Mountains, Alps in eastern France and mountains in Germany and re-established in many
places. Since 1970, the European population has tripled to nearly 10, 000. Like wolves, bears,
pigs, bison, moose and other species, the lynx will spread as farming, left the hills and then
people discover that it is much needed to protect wildlife than to hunt it as tourists will pay to
see it. Large scale rewilding will happen everywhere except Britain.
Here, there are many changes in attitudes. Conservationists started to accept the jar model is
failing even on its own terms. Projects like Trees for life in the Highlands give hints of what
is expected to come. There is an organisation set up that seeks to catalyse the rewilding of
land and sea across Britain, its aim is to reintroduce the rarest species to British ecosystems:
hope.
Bring back the big cats IELTS reading questions
Questions (1-5)
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
1. What did the discovery of animal bone say about the lynx?
a. It has distinctive physical appearance
b. The spread of farming is linked to its extinction
c. It survived in Britain longer than the prediction
d. Thousand years ago it disappeared from Britain
2. What does the writer point out about the large predators?
a. Biodiversity will increase by its presence
b. It will create damage to the ecosystems
c. Based on the environment, their behaviour might change
d. Only in their native places they should be reintroduced.
3. What is suggested by the writer about British conservation?
a. The target was missed to achieve
b. The path has begin to change
c. The misguided approach was held
d. It targeted only the most widespread species.
4. Protecting the large are of sea from commercial fishing will end up in
a. Loss for the fishing industry
b. Benefits for the fishing industry
c. Opposition from the fishing industry
d. Changes in techniques in fishing industry
5. What is the difference between rewilding from other campaigns according to the writer?
a. The message is appealing and positive.
b. The objective is achievable
c. Supporters are more involved
d. It is based on the scientific principles
Questions (6-9)
Complete the summary below
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
The advantages of reintroducing the lynx to Britain are many. There is no such evidence that
lynx put ______________ 6 in danger which would reduce the population of ____________7
which increased rapidly in the recent decades. It gives only minimum threat to ___________
8, if it were kept away from the lynx habitats. Further, the reintroduction concept has been
linked with initiatives to return native ____________ 9 to certain places of the country.
Questions (10-14)
Do the following statements match the information with the passage?
Write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
10. Reintroducing the lynx is done by the Britain which is the first European country

Section1

Question 1-10

• Complete the notes below
• Write one word and/or a numberfor each answer.
   Hiring a public room

        Example: The Main Hall – seats  200

Room and cost

• the 1._______  Room – seats 100
• Cost of Main Hall for Saturday evening: 2.  £______
  + £250 deposit (3. ________ payment is required)
• Cost includes use of tables and chairs and also 4. ________
• Additional charge for use of the kitchen: £25

Before the event   

• Will need a ________license
• Need to contact the caretaker (Mr Evans) in advance to arrange _______ 

During the event

• The building is no smoking
• The band should use the__________door at the back
• Don’t touch the system that controls the volume
• For microphones, contact the caretaker

After the event

• Need to know the ___________for the cleaning cupboard
• The 9.________  must be washed and rubbish placed in black bags
• All 10._________  must be taken down
• Chairs and tables must be piled up

• Section 2

  Question 11-14

  • Complete the notes below.
  • Write ONE WORDfor each answer
  • Questions 11-14

  Fiddy Working Heritage Farm

  Advice about visiting the farm

  Visitors should

  • take care not to harm any  11. _________
  • not touch any 12. _______
  • wear 13. _______
  • not bring 14. ___________ into the farm, with certain expectations

  Questions 15-20

  • Label the map below.
  • Write the correct letter A-I, next to Questions 15-20
  • 
  15. Scarecrow _________
      16. Maze _________
      17. Café ________
      18. Black Barn ______
      19. Covered picnic area______
      20. Fiddy House ________

Section 3

Question 21-30

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C.

Study on gender in physics

21.   The students in Akira Miyake’s study were all majoring in

22.   The aim of Miyake’s study was to investigate

23.   The female physics students were wrong to believe that

24. Miyake’s team asked the students to write about

25    What was the aim of the writing exercise done by the subjects?

26.    What surprised the researchers about the study?

27.  Greg and Lisa think Miyake’s results could have been affected by

28.  Greg and Lisa decide that in their own project, they will compare the effects of

29.   The main finding of Smolinsky’s research was that class teamwork activities

30.   What will Lisa and Greg do next?

Section 1

Question 1-10

Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Section 2

Question 11-16

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Information on company volunteering projects

11   How much time for volunteering does the company allow per employee?

12   In feedback almost all employees said that volunteering improved their

13   Last year some staff helped unemployed people with their

14   This year the company will start a new volunteering project with a local

15   Where will the Digital Inclusion Day be held?

16   What should staff do if they want to take part in the Digital Inclusion Day?

Questions 17 and 18

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

What TWO things are mentioned about the participants on the last Digital Inclusion Day?
A     They were all over 70.
B     They never used their computer.
C     Their phones were mostly old-fashioned.
D     They only used their phones for making calls.
E     They initially showed little interest.

Questions 19 and 20

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

What TWO activities on the last Digital Inclusion Day did participants describe as useful?
A     learning to use tables
B     communicating with family
C     shopping online
D     playing online games
E     sending emails

Section 3

Question 21-25

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Planning a presentation on nanotechnology

21   Russ says that his difficulty in planning the presentation is due to

22   Russ and his tutor agree that his approach in the presentation will be

23   In connection with slides, the tutor advises Russ to

24   They both agree that the best way for Russ to start his presentation is

25   What does the tutor advise Russ to do next while preparing his presentation?

Questions 26 – 30

What comments do the speakers make about each of the following aspects of Russ’s previous presentation?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 26-30.

Comments

A     lacked a conclusion
B     useful in the future
C     not enough
D     sometimes distracting
E     showed originality
F     covered a wide range
G     not too technical

Aspects of Russ’s previous presentation
26   structure                     …………….
27   eye contact                …………….
28   body language          …………….
29   choice of words        …………….
30   handouts                    …………….

Section 4

Questions 31-40

Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Episodic memory
●   the ability to recall details, e.g. the time and 31…………… of past events
●   different to semantic memory – the ability to remember general information about the 32……………, which does not involve recalling 33…………… information
Forming episodic memories involves three steps:
Encoding
●   involves receiving and processing information
●   the more 34……………. Given to an event, the more successfully it can be encoded
●   to remember a 35……………., it is useful to have a strategy for encoding such information
Consolidation
●   how memories are strengthened and stored
●   most effective when memories can be added to a 36……………. Of related information
●   the 37……………. of retrieval affects the strength of memories
Retrieval
●   memory retrieval often depends on using a prompt, e.g. the 38……………. Of an object near to the place where you left your car
Episodic memory impairments
●   these affect people with a wide range of medical conditions
●   games which stimulate the 39…………….. have been found to help people with schizophrenia
●   children with autism may have difficulty forming episodic memories – possibly because their concept of the 40……………… may be absent
●   memory training may help autistic children develop social skills

Section 4

Question 31-40

• Complete the notes below.
• Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

                                          Ocean Biodiversity

Biodiversity hotspots

• areas containing many different species
• important for locating targets for 31. _____________
• at first only identified on land

Boris Worm, 2005

• identified hotspots for large ocean predators, e.g. sharks
• found that ocean hotspots:

– were not always rich at 32. ___________
– had higher temperatures at 33. _________
– had sufficient 34.______________  in the water

Lisa Ballance, 2007   

• looked for hotspots for marine 35.  ___________.
• found these were all located where ocean currents meet

Census of Marine Life

• found new ocean species living:

– under 36. ___________
– near volcanoes on the ocean floor

Global Marine Species Assessment  

• want to list endangered ocean species, considering:

        – population size
– geographical distribution
– rate of 37. ___________

• Aim: to assess 20,000 species and make a distribution 38.___________  for each one

 Recommendations to retain ocean biodiversity

•  increase the number of ocean reserves
•  establish 39._______  corridors (e.g. for turtles)
•  reduce fishing quotas
•  catch fish only for the purpose of 40.___________

You should spend 20 minutes on this task1 – saving 40 minutes for task 2.

Task 1 – Write about the following topic:

A friend has agreed to look after your house and pet while you are on holiday. Write a letter to your friend.

Write at least 150 words

Task 2

Some people believe that teaching children at home is best for a child’s development while others think that it is important for children to go to school.

Discuss the advantages of both methods and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.